Awareness regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme to Protect Female Children: A Cross-Sectional Study
Jeya Beulah D, Varisha Rahman, Vivek Kumar Soni, Vaishnavi Mishra,
Vandana Yadav, Vibha Pandey
Ph.D. Nursing, HOD of Community Health Nursing Dept,
SCPM College of Nursing and Para Medical Sciences, Gonda, U.P.
*Corresponding Author E-mail: jeya.beulah09@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
This study entitled “A study to assess the knowledge regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme among eligible couples residing in selected rural area at Gonda” submitted in the year 2025. Aims: The objectives are to assess the level of knowledge regarding the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme among eligible couples residing in selected rural area at Gonda and to find the association between the knowledge scores with selected socio demographic variables. Hypothesis: H1 There will be a significant association between knowledge regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme among eligible couples with selected socio demographic variables among teenagers in selected schools at Gonda. Design and setting: Descriptive design with survey was utilized in this study. Methods and materials: 60 samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. A structured knowledge questionnaire was utilized to assess the knowledge of the eligible couples. Results: The findings of this research project indicated that, out of 60 participants, 45% had adequate knowledge, 38% moderate and 17% had inadequate knowledge regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP)scheme. The above table showed that the association between knowledge level with selected demographical variables. In this type of knowledge level is associated with type of family only and other demographic variables are not associated. Conclusion: The findings of this study explained the importance of enhancing the knowledge regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme among eligible couples. Hence, various educational interventions including mass media should be utilized to create awareness regarding this scheme.
KEYWORDS: Knowledge, Beti Bachao Beti Padhao Scheme, Eligible Couples.
INTRODUCTION:
The Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme is a crucial Indian initiative launched in 2015 to combat the declining Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and address gender discrimination. It improves the sex ratio at birth (SRB), lowers dropout rates, and encourages a national shift in perspective toward gender equality by supporting the survival, safety, and education of the girl child. By avoiding gender-biased, sex-selective elimination, the program directly addresses the skewness in the kid sex ratio (0–6 years). The Sex Ratio at Birth (SRB) improved from 918 in 2014–15 to 930 in 2023–2024, demonstrating its effectiveness. It seeks to lower the secondary and upper secondary dropout rates while promoting females' school enrolment.
The Uttar Pradesh government is working hard to increase the child sex ratio by offering parents of female children a variety of incentives. Based on the Child Sex Ratio, the state government of Uttar Pradesh has chosen ten intervention districts for the BBBP program. The idea was to emphasize the importance of safeguarding and educating girls. The empowerment of girls is the main goal of BBBP. The government's largest interministerial project, which unites ministries, institutions, and civil society, will focus on intervention and multi-sectional action in ten districts with lower-than-average child sex ratios. The falling Child Sex Ratio (CSR) and associated issues of women's empowerment across a life-cycle continuum are addressed by BBBP.1
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact and degree of benefits received by female recipients of the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao plan, particularly in areas with low literacy rates. Since the event had already happened, an ex post facto study design was used. The study was carried out in the Andhra Pradesh district of Prakasam in 2021–2022. Two villages were chosen at random from each of the four blocks that were chosen. Ten responders were chosen at random from each hamlet, for a total of eighty beneficiaries. The study revealed that 58.75% of beneficiaries received a medium level of benefit, 26.25% received a high level, and 15.00% received a low level of benefit. The results showed that in order to improve the socioeconomic status of agricultural women in rural areas, more educational opportunities and capacity-building initiatives are required.2
A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a sex ratio at birth (SRB) improvement intervention in the state of Haryana. To assess the effectiveness of the B3P initiative, monthly data on SRB (expressed as girls per 1000 boys) was gathered from the state of Haryana's civil registration system. The change in SRB following the B3P program was estimated using segmented time-series regression analysis. In Haryana, the overall sex ratio at birth rose from 827 girls per 1000 boys in January 2005 to 900 girls per 1000 boys in September 2016. This shows that the B3P program is responsible for a statistically significant monthly rise in SRB of 1.696. SRB in Haryana has improved as a result of the B3P program.3
A study aims to comprehend how the Beti Bachao-Beti Padhao movement affects society and the empowerment of girls. In accordance with the survey method's requirements, data for this was gathered using a questionnaire. The BBBP initiative is improving women's social empowerment, according to the results. The bulk of society today recognizes the rights of girls. People's perspectives on gender inequity have clearly changed, and prenatal gender selection has significantly decreased.4
An article explores how parents see girls' education, gender inequality, the child sex ratio, and the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao program of the Shri Narendra Modi-led government, which intends to reverse India's declining child sex ratio and increase the value of girl children. 171 parents from Tamilnadu and Andhra Pradesh took part in the current study, which employed a descriptive quality survey method. The results showed that the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao program is having a noticeable impact on the attitudes and views of parents of girls.5
Increasing women's ability to have resources and make wise decisions in life requires women's empowerment. It is the process of shielding children from damage of any kind. The goal of the current study is to determine how well the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao plan empowers women. The study used primary data collected from 108 female respondents in Kerala's Malappuram region. According to the report, women's awareness of the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao project is quite low.6
A study to assess the knowledge regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme among eligible couples residing in selected rural area at Gonda.
OBJECTIVES:
1. To assess the level of knowledge regarding the Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme among eligible couples residing in selected rural area at Gonda.
2. To find the association between the knowledge scores with selected socio demographic variables.
HYPOTHESIS
H01 There will be no significant association between knowledge scores with selected socio demographic variables.
H1 There will be significant association between knowledge scores with selected socio demographic variables.
MATERIAL AND METHODS:
Design:
Cross sectional study was used in this project.
Sample size:
Sample size consisted of 60 eligible couples.
Sampling Technique:
Nonprobability purposive sampling technique was adopted.
Criteria for sample selection:
Inclusive criteria:
· Eligible couple who can read, write, speak and understand Hindi languages.
· Eligible couple who are willing to participate in the study.
Exclusive Criteria:
· Eligible couple who are not willing to participate in the study.
· Eligible couple who are not available during the period of data collection.
Research Variables:
Knowledge on BBBP (Beti Bachao Beti Padhao) scheme among eligible couples.
Setting of the Study:
The study was conducted in a selected Bhulbhulaiya village.
Accessible Population:
Population includes eligible couple between 18-45 years living in Bhulbhulaiya.
DESCRIPTION OF TOOLS:
The tools consist of two sections:
Section-A: Demographic data
Section-B: This includes knowledge questionnaire to assess the knowledge of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme.
Section-A:
Consists of demographic data including, sex, education, occupation, family type, previous source of information, number of girl children, number of girl children going school
Section-B:
It consists of 25 multiple choice questions to assess the knowledge among eligible couple regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao.
Inadequate Knowledge – 0-6
Moderate Knowledge – 7-14
Adequate Knowledge – 15-20
Data Collection Procedure:
A formal written permission for the main study was obtained from concerned authorities before the data collection. The investigation selected the sample purposively and met the participants and answered the confidentiality of their responses and informed written consent was obtained from each participant. The structured knowledge questionnaire was administered to assess the knowledge regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao scheme among eligible couples. Each participant was thanked individually for their participation and cooperation.
Plan for Data Analysis:
The data to be analyzed is planned on the basis of objectives and hypothesis of the study. The data obtained was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean standard deviation, chi-square test adopted in this project.
Ethical Clearance:
The permission obtained from the concerned authorities. Informed consent obtained from the eligible couple in Bhulbhuliya. After explaining the purpose of the study data was collected.
Results and interpretation
Table No. 1- Level of knowledge regarding BBBP among eligible couples
|
S. No |
Knowledge level |
Frequency |
Percentage |
|
1 |
Inadequate |
10 |
17% |
|
2 |
Moderate |
23 |
38% |
|
3 |
Adequate |
27 |
45% |
The above table revealed that out of 60 participants, 45% had adequate knowledge, 38% moderate and 17% had inadequate knowledge regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) scheme.
Table No. 2 -Chi square used for association of selected demographical variables. N=60
|
Demographical Variable |
Adequate |
Moderate |
Inadequate |
Chi Square |
Significant level |
||
|
|
11 |
12 |
4 |
1.279 |
P<0.05NS |
||
|
Female |
17 |
10 |
6 |
||||
|
Education |
|||||||
|
No formal education |
1 |
2 |
0 |
10.353 |
P <0.05 NS |
||
|
Primary |
2 |
4 |
1 |
||||
|
High school |
8 |
6 |
5 |
||||
|
Higher education and others |
17 |
10 |
4 |
|
|||
|
Occupation |
|||||||
|
Government job |
0 |
0 |
0 |
14.41 |
P <0.05 NS |
||
|
Private |
3 |
2 |
1 |
||||
|
Business |
2 |
2 |
3 |
||||
|
Farmer |
5 |
1 |
11 |
||||
|
Unemployed |
16 |
3 |
5 |
||||
|
Home maker |
3 |
2 |
2 |
||||
|
Type of Family |
|||||||
|
Nuclear |
6 |
2 |
8 |
17.71 |
P > 0.05 S |
||
|
Joint |
20 |
4 |
13 |
||||
|
Extended |
2 |
4 |
1 |
||||
|
Previous Source of Information |
|||||||
|
Famliy |
6 |
5 |
11 |
5.9 |
P > 0.05 NS |
||
|
Media |
9 |
1 |
4 |
|
P <0.05 |
||
|
Friends |
4 |
3 |
2 |
|
|
||
|
Health Workers |
9 |
2 |
4 |
|
|
||
|
Number of Girl Children |
|||||||
|
None |
1 |
1 |
1 |
7.38 |
P < 0.05 NS |
||
|
One |
10 |
4 |
13 |
||||
|
Towe |
5 |
4 |
3 |
||||
|
More Than 2 |
11 |
1 |
6 |
||||
|
Number of Girl Children Going School |
|||||||
|
None |
5 |
2 |
6 |
11.92 |
P <0.05 NS |
||
|
None |
7 |
5 |
8 |
||||
|
Tow |
4 |
2 |
2 |
||||
|
MoreThen 2 |
12 |
1 |
6 |
||||
The above table showed that the association between knowledge level with selected demographical variables. In this type of knowledge level is associated with type of family only and other demographic variables are not associated.
DISCUSSION:
The finding of the study has been discussed with reference to objectives and hypothesis and with findings of the other studies.
Section-A: Distribution of Eligible Couples with Regards to Socio Demographic Variable:
Finding showed that that based on gender, maximum participants 60% were male, most of them that is 31 (52%) were completed degree, according to occupation 18 (30%) were farmer. Maximum eligible couples are belong to joint family 38 (63%). Based on the source of information 35% were received information from family and based on number of girl children most of them that is 47% had one girl child and 58% of girl children are going school from family who have single girl children.
Section B: Distribution of respondent according to knowledge level:
Analysis of level of knowledge regarding Beti bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) among Eligible couple:
Results showed knowledge regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) among Eligible Couples 10 (17%) were Inadequate level of knowledge and 23 (38%) were Moderate and 27 (45%) are having adequate knowledge.
Section C: To find out association between level of knowledge regarding 00BBBP with selected socio demographic variables.
The result showed that the association between knowledge level with selected demographical variables. In this type of knowledge level is associated with type of family only and other demographic variables are not associated.
This study result is consistent with the study conducted by Shatrughan Pareek
Majority of the participants (59%) had moderate knowledge, while 77% had favorable attitude toward “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana.” There was a statistically significant positive correlation (P = 0.0001*) between the knowledge and attitude of rural adults toward “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao Yojana.” In terms of association, education was statistically significantly associated (P = 0.0001*) with knowledge, whereas attitude showed an association with education (P = 0.0001*) and gender (P = 0.045*). The study highlighted that young and aged adults have moderate knowledge and favorable attitude regarding “Beti Bachao, Beti Padhao” scheme. Mass awareness campaigns are needed for positive outcomes of the scheme.
From the findings of the present study, it was concluded that the level of knowledge regarding BBBP scheme was moderate among eligible couples. The improvement in the level of knowledge can be achieved though the administration of the various educational programmes.
· Nursing Administration can be taken interest and effort in motivating the eligible couples to improve their educational status by updating their knowledge by conducting regular health education and awareness programme regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP).
· The nursing personnel in the community level can be educated to motivate to the general public. They can be educated by conducting scientific based education and their educational status can be improved.
An implication for nursing practice derived can be from the study to reduce the rising pregnancy associated complications and to motivate the people to follow healthy practices pertaining to pregnancy. Therefore, nurses must require knowledge that can be helped to impart and improve the level of knowledge of general public.
Community health nurse should educate and make awareness about Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP).
Nurses in community selected school should organize awareness programme which can improve community people’s knowledge
The present study emphasizes on the enhancements in the knowledge regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) in nursing education. Therefore, nurses must have adequate knowledge regarding all aspects of Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) for providing education.
· Techniques of education can be used to motivate public participation in Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) educational programme.
· Nursing student should be made aware of the importance of educating the public regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP)
· The nurses can take active participation in community health education programme.
· The findings of the present study can be helpful for the nursing professionals and nursing students to conduct further studies to find out the effectiveness of various methods of providing education on Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) among general public.
· This study also brings about facts that more studies need to be done in different settings, which is culturally acceptable as better teaching
DELIMITATIONS:
1. The study is delimited to selected rural area in Gonda U.P.
2. Sample size is limited to 60 eligible couples.
3. The study is limited to the period of one week only.
1. Health awareness campaign can be planned for the eligible couples regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP).
2. Updating knowledge related to Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP).
3. The community health nurse has to ensure adequate knowledge among eligible couples related to Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) should conduct periodical evaluation.
RECOMMENDATIONS:
· The study can be replicated using a large sample, there by findings can be generalized.
· A comparative study to assess knowledge regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) among eligible couples residing in selected urban and rural selected school.
· Mass educational programme may be planned in regional language to educate the public regarding Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (BBBP) .
· A similar study can be conducted by descriptive approach.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
I would like to say heartfelt gratitude my family and colleagues for their valuable support to complete my study.
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Received on 17.03.2026 Revised on 01.04.2026 Accepted on 23.04.2026 Published on 02.05.2026 Available online from May 05, 2026 Int. J. of Advances in Nursing Management. 2026;14(2):119-123. DOI: 10.52711/2454-2652.2026.00025 ©A and V Publications All right reserved
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